Drive Through ATM

Here is another truth....
Drive through ATM is a new concept & may be popular soon in Europe & then in the rest of the world.

The story goes like this....

A sign in the Bank Lobby reads: "Please note that this Bank is installing new "Drive-through" teller machines enabling customers to withdraw cash without leaving their vehicles. Customers using this new facility are requested to use the procedures outlined below when accessing their accounts. After months of careful research, MALE & FEMALE procedures have been developed. Please follow the appropriate steps for your gender."


MALE PROCEDURE

1. Drive up to the cash machine.
2. Put down your car window.
3. Insert card into machine and enter PIN.
4. Enter amount of cash required and withdraw.
5. Retrieve card, cash and receipt.
6. Put window up.
7. Drive off.

FEMALE PROCEDURE

1. Drive up to cash machine.
2. Reverse and back up the required amount to align car window with the machine.
3. Set parking brake, put the window down.
4. Find handbag, remove all contents on to passenger seat to locate card.
5. Tell person on cell phone you will call them back and hang up.
6. Attempt to insert card into machine.

7. Open car door to allow easier access to machine due to its excessive distance from the car.
8. Insert card.
9. Re-insert card the right way.
10. Dig through handbag to find diary with your PIN written on the inside back page.
11. Enter PIN.
12. Press cancel and re-enter correct PIN.
13. Enter amount of cash required.
14. Check makeup in rear view mirror.
15. Retrieve cash and receipt.
16. Empty handbag again to locate wallet and place cash inside.
17. Write deposit amount in check register and place receipt in back of checkbook.
18. Re-check makeup.
19. Drive forward 2 feet.

20. Reverse back to cash machine.
21. Retrieve card.
22. Re-empty hand bag, locate card holder, and place card into the slot provided.
23. Give appropriate one-fingered hand signal to irate male driver waiting behind you.
24. Restart stalled engine and pull off.
25. Redial person on cell phone.
26. Drive for 2 to 3 miles.
27. Release Parking Brake

JUST A JOKE............

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How True...???

Few lines, which are true for those whosoever read them. Here they are.....Tell us your comments what do you feel ??....??....??

1. Whenever I find the key to success, someone changes the lock.


2. To Err is human, to forgive is not a COMPANY policy.


3. The road to success??.. Is always under construction.


4. Alcohol doesn't solve any problems, but if you think again, neither does Milk.


5. In order to get a Loan, you first need to prove that you don't need it.


6. All the desirable things in life are either illegal, expensive, fattening or married to someone else.


Read More.....



7. Since Light travels faster than Sound, people appear brighter before you hear them speak.


8. Everyone has a scheme of getting rich?.. Which never works.


9. If at first you don't succeed?. Destroy all evidence that you ever tried.


10. You can never determine which side of the bread to butter. If it falls down, it will always land on the buttered side.


11. Anything dropped on the floor will roll over to the most inaccessible corner.


12. As soon as you mention something?? if it is good, it is taken?. If it is bad, it happens.


13. He who has the gold, makes the rules ---- Murphy's golden rule.


14. If you come early, the bus is late. If you come late?? the bus is still late.


15. Once you have bought something, you will find the same item being sold somewhere else at a cheaper rate.


16. When in a queue, the other line always moves faster and the person in front of you will always have the most complex of transactions.


17. If you have paper, you don't have a pen??. If you have a pen, you don't have paper?? if you have both, no one calls.


18. Especially for engg. Students----
    If you have bunked the class, the professor has taken attendance.


19. You will pick up maximum wrong numbers when on roaming.


20. The door bell or your mobile will always ring when you are in the bathroom.


21. After a long wait for bus no.20, two 20 number buses will always pull in together and the bus which you get in will be more crowded than the other.


22. If your exam is tomorrow, there will be a power cut tonight.

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Pressure Swing Distillation - Use it Economically - 2

In the last post we discussed a bit about azeotropes & refreshed ourselves on basics.

So basically because of deviations from ideality (Raoult's Law), liquid mixtures form azeotropes.

Now, the phase envelope at different pressure suggest that the azeotropes shift due to change in pressure and this is our best tool to be utilized in the industry instead of going for extractive distillation where other solvent is used to carry over more of one component than other thus breaking the azeotrope.

Let us understand the conventional azeotropic distillation system, its basic, benefit & limitation.

The conventional method of separation of binary azeotropes have been through addition of another solvent to shift the equilibrium by forming ternary azeotrope. This is called azeotropic distillation.

The common example is to separate ethanol & water using cyclohexane. The ternary azeotrope of 7% Water, 17% Ethanol & 76% Cyclohexane boils off at ~62 C. So in the binary azeotrope of 95.6 % Ethanol and 4.4% Water, just enough cyclohexane is added to remove the water in 7 to 76 ratio which removes all water with some ethanol leaving almost pure ethanol at the bottom.

For example - For 100 Kg of ethanol azeotrope (means 4.4 Kg water) requires 4.4 x 76 / 7 = 47.8 Kg of Cyclohexane. This will carry all water i.e. 4.4 kg of water, 47.8 Kg of cyclohexane & 10.7 Kg Ethanol.

So WHAT????????????

This is just an example of azeotropic distillation where it can be used effectively, but just think if the azeotrope of ethanol water is say 60:40 in place of 95.6 & 4.4. Will it be possible by same system of cyclohexane let us see...

In this hypothetical case, 40 Kg water requires 434 Kg of cyclohexane & how much ethanol it will carry....97 Kg. SO It is not possible because all ethanol is also carried to top distillate & practically no separation.

So now you have fair idea about the benefits & limitations of azotropic distillation.

Therefore, I would like to explain something more which is more beneficial.

Pressure Swing Distillation
As explained earlier, the azeotrope composition varies with change in pressure. This can be understood from the following diagram.



In the above figure, you can clearly see that the azeotrope point is shifting towards right side at high pressure.

So if let us say point B = 30% of component A is at azeotrope now this mixture if pressure is raised will become point C at high pressure & then distillation can continue to point D of another azeotrope at that higher pressure.

So now if I again subject point D to same low pressure then it will become point E at low pressure but distillation can continue. So I can achieve 100% of component A.

This can be applied to any system without any issue and you have following benefits.

1. You do not need any third component.
2. You do not need two more columns for removal of solvent - one for solvent removal from light component & one for solvent removal from heavy component.
3. So more hardware cost.
4. So more energy cost also.
5. PSD (Pressure Swing Distillation) is very simpler to design.
6. No losses of components.
7. No Bulk quantities handling hence very low cost of operation.
8. Many more.........I am not in a mood to loist down all.

Now I will give you one practical example.....which I personally handled.
Ethanol & Ethyl acetate also forms azeotropes & I came across one such system with large quantities. So instead of considering Az Disitll I used PSD.

In this case, We came across an Az mix of ~69% Ethyl acetate (EA) & 31% Ethanol (EtOH). When we ran Aspen Simulation for PSD, we fixed the pressure of first column as 5.5 Bar (After Optimization) & 300 mm Hg for second column.

Now feed was sent to first column & we could recover EA from bottom as 99.9% pure and top was fed to vacuum column at 300 mmHg pressure. Here we coul dseparate 99.9% EtOH from bottom again. the top cut from second column was recycled to first column and thus there was no loss.

I also used it for separation of cyclohexane, EA & EtOH separation later on & my experience shows that slight moderate pressures of 2 to 5 bar can change azeotropes significantly.

So now on try to use it for your benefit & get the recognition from your Boss.

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Pressure Swing Distillation - Use it Ecnomically - 1

All the process engineers must have come across the term azeotropic distillation in some or the other way. Most of the time the conventional approach of handling an azeotropic mixture is to carry out extractive distillation using some solvent.

Very easy know. So many lists of such solvents are available in the literature or on internet and then we go ahead with that age old philosophy.

You know, I NEVER follow conventinal things. So Pressure Swing Distillation (which is now becoming more popular) is an effective answer to such problems.

To define it & understand it properly, I would like to first cover up few basics of azeotropes which you may be knowing if you were good in theory during your college days.

Azeotrope - means a mixture of liquid which generates vapor of same composition as that of liquid.



There are two types of azeotropes - Negative azeotropes & Positive Azeotropes.

Negative Azeotropes are those in which the azeotropic boiling point is higher than any of its constituent's boiling point e.g. the mixture of Formic acid & water as given on wikipedia.



Positive Azeotropes are those in which the azeotropic boiling point is lesser than any of its constituent's boiling point e.g. the mixture of Chloroform & Methanol.



Now curves represented in above diagrams are simple T-x-y OR P-x-y curves which are commonly found in distillation textbooks, but what we forget or do not know is that these curves are pressure dependant curves. This means the phase envelope changes with change in system pressure. So if you alter the pressure of the system the azeotrope point or composition will change. You can find it out how? YES...Whenever something goes out of track always remember RAOULT's LAW.

Rest in next post.........

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